Rating History
Dissemination Date Long-Term Rating Short-Term Rating Outlook Action Rating Watch
10-Nov-26 BBB+ A2 Positive Maintain -
21-Nov-25 BBB+ A2 Positive Maintain -
22-Nov-24 BBB+ A2 Positive Maintain -
23-Nov-23 BBB+ A2 Positive Maintain -
23-Nov-22 BBB+ A2 Positive Maintain -
About the Entity

Ghani Global Glass Limited (GGGL) was incorporated in 2007 and commenced commercial operations in 2016. Headquartered in Lahore, the Company operates a manufacturing facility in Phool Nagar, Kasur, producing pharmaceutical glass tubing, vials, ampoules, and related glass products for the healthcare sector. The Company's seven-member Board is chaired by Mr. Hafiz Farooq, while Mr. Atique Ahmad serves as CEO.

Rating Rationale

Ghani Global Glass Limited ("GGGL" or "the Company") is engaged in the manufacturing and sale of pharmaceutical neutral glass tubing, ampoules, vials, and related glass products catering primarily to Pakistan's pharmaceutical industry. The Company remains an important participant in the local pharmaceutical packaging value chain and continues to serve a diversified customer base comprising pharmaceutical manufacturers including GSK, Hilton Pharma, Martin Dow, AGP, Barrett Hodgson, Lucky Core Industries and several other domestic players. During FY26, the Company maintained its focus on operational enhancement through capacity expansion, technology upgrades, and quality assurance initiatives. GGGL's parent Company, Ghani Global Holdings Limited, continues to hold ~50.1% shareholding in the Company. The Company also maintains an export footprint spanning Bangladesh, Egypt, Argentina, Mexico, Italy, Iran, Colombia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Pakistan's pharmaceutical industry continues to exhibit long term growth potential driven by population growth, increasing healthcare expenditure, and rising demand for injectable medicines. The demand for pharmaceutical packaging materials remains linked to domestic drug manufacturing activity. During the period under review, pharmaceutical manufacturers continued to face challenges arising from cost pressures, regulatory pricing constraints, and disruptions in global supply chains. Despite these challenges, local demand for pharmaceutical grade glass tubing remained supportive. GGGL benefits from its position as the only local producer of pharmaceutical neutral glass tubing, reducing reliance on imports and supporting indigenous supply chain development. Increased emphasis on import substitution and localization of pharmaceutical inputs remains favorable for domestic manufacturers. Industry participants continue to monitor energy costs, exchange rate movements, and raw material prices, which remain key determinants of profitability. The governance framework of the Company is supported by a seven-member Board comprising executive, non-executive, and independent directors. During FY26, the Company recorded net sales at PKR ~2.90bln versus PKR ~2.93bln in the preceding year. Local sales improved to PKR ~2.83bln; however, export sales declined to PKR ~73mln from PKR ~204mln due to challenging international market conditions. Profit after tax declined to PKR ~135mln from PKR ~301mln as margins remained under pressure owing to furnace commissioning costs, higher administrative expenses, increased selling expenses, and lower other income. The financial risk profile of the Company is considered adequate with comfortable coverages, cashflows, and working capital cycle. Capital structure is leveraged comprising a mix of short-term and long-term for capacity expansion projects. Going forward, GGGL aims to benefit from recent capacity enhancements, including a 1.5 MW solar power system and additional Italian machinery for ampoule and vial production. The Company is also exploring new opportunities in Saudi Arabia and Africa to support future growth and profitability.

Key Rating Drivers

The ratings reflect GGGL's established position in Pakistan's pharmaceutical glass packaging segment, its integrated manufacturing platform, and continued investment in capacity enhancement and operational efficiency. Going forward, the ratings remain dependent upon the Company's ability to sustain revenue growth, improve profitability following recent capacity additions, maintain adequate cash flow generation, and preserve prudent leverage metrics. Continued expansion in domestic and export markets, along with the translation of recent capital investments into improved earnings, would be supportive of the rating profile.

Profile
Legal Structure

Ghani Global Glass Limited (Hereinafter referred to as ‘GGGL’ or ‘the Company’), established in 2007, is a Public Listed Company that was officially listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange on December 12, 2014.


Background

Ghani Global Glass Limited ("the Company") was incorporated in Pakistan as a Private Limited Company on October 04, 2007 as Ghani Tableware (Private) Limited under the repealed Companies Ordinance, 1984 (now the Companies Act, 2017). The status of the Company was changed to Public unlisted Company and consequently, its name was changed to Ghani Tableware Limited on July 24, 2008. Name of the Company was further changed to Ghani Global Glass Limited on January 14, 2009. The Company was merged into Libas Textiles Limited, a listed Company and the Company became listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange on December 12, 2014 upon merger. The Company commenced its commercial operations with effect from April 01, 2016.


Operations

Ghani Global Glass Limited is principally engaged in the processing, manufacturing, and sale of glass tubes, glassware, vials, ampoules, and chemicals, as well as carrying on business as experts, technical advisors, and consultants. The Company’s registered office is located at 10-N, Model Town Extension, Lahore, while its state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities are situated at 52 K.M. Lahore-Multan Road, Phool Nagar, District Kasur.


Ownership
Ownership Structure

Ghani Global Glass Limited is primarily owned by its parent Company, Ghani Global Holdings Limited, which holds~50.10% of the shares. The remaining ownership is distributed among directors, officers and associates (~0.52%), and general public (~49.38%).


Stability

The Ghani Group completed a strategic restructuring in which Ghani Gases Limited was reorganized from a manufacturing Company into the Group’s holding entity, now known as Ghani Global Holdings Limited. This change was made to simplify the Group’s overall structure and to place its various investments under a single management framework. By shifting to a holding-Company model, the Group can manage its different business interests—such as glass manufacturing, chemicals, and other industrial activities—more efficiently. Instead of operating each business independently, the holding Company structure allows for coordinated decision-making, centralized oversight, and clearer separation between operational activities and investment management. Ghani Global Holdings Limited acts as the Group’s main investment and management Company. It oversees the performance of its subsidiaries, ensures compliance and governance, and supports their long-term planning and development. This structure is intended to provide better clarity, control, and flexibility as the Group continues to manage and develop its diversified business portfolio.


Business Acumen

The sponsors have over five decades of entrepreneurial experience across a range of sectors, including industrial gases, engineering, mining, glass, real estate, automobiles, and food. Their long-term involvement in these industries has contributed to the development and expansion of various business ventures within these sectors.Their experience provides the background for informed decision-making, operational understanding, and continuity in the businesses they oversee. This accumulated expertise supports the Group’s ability to manage diverse projects and adapt to changing industry conditions in a structured and sustainable manner.


Financial Strength

The Ghani Global Group—which includes Ghani Global Holdings Limited, Ghani Global Glass Limited, Ghani Chemworld Limited and Ghani Chemical Industries Limited—reported total equity of PKR 24.45bn as of September 2026.This figure represents the accumulated net worth of the Group after accounting for assets and liabilities across its companies. A strong equity base provides the Group with financial flexibility, enabling it to manage operational needs, support subsidiaries during challenging periods, and invest in future growth initiatives. It also indicates an ability to absorb market fluctuations and maintain stability over the long term. Overall, the reported equity reflects the Group’s current financial position and its capacity to extend support to its companies when required.


Governance
Board Structure

The Company is governed by a seven-member Board of Directors, chaired by Mr. Hafiz Farooq. The Board comprises six male directors and one female director, ensuring diverse representation. The composition includes two independent directors, Sheikh Muhammad Saleem Ahsan and Ms. Saima Shafi Rana, who also fulfills the requirement for female representation on the Board. Additionally, there are four non-executive directors: Hafiz Farooq Ahmad, Mr. Abdullah Ahmad, Mr. Asim Mahmud, and Syed Sibtul Hassan Gilani. Mr. Atique Ahmad Khan serves as the executive director and CEO, providing strong leadership and maintaining a direct connection to the Company’s founding vision. The presence of members from the sponsoring family reinforces the Company’s strategic direction and commitment to its core values.


Members’ Profile

Mr. Hafiz Farooq Ahmad, Chairman and Business Director of Ghani Glass Limited since 2003, also serves as Director at Ghani Global Holdings Limited, Ghani Chemical Industries Limited, and Ghani Engineering Limited. His leadership since 2008 has been pivotal in advancing the Ghani Group’s strategic growth and diversification across various sectors. His deep industry knowledge and strategic vision continue to drive the Company’s success and long-term sustainability.


Board Effectiveness

The Board of Directors meets quarterly in accordance with the requirements of the Code of Corporate Governance, allowing for regular oversight and timely review of the Company’s activities. These meetings provide a structured forum for evaluating performance, addressing operational and strategic issues, and making decisions based on available information and analysis. To further strengthen governance practices, the Board has established two committees: the Audit & Risk Management Committee and the Human Resources, Remuneration & Compensation Committee. These committees support the Board by providing focused oversight in their respective areas—such as financial reporting, internal controls, risk management, and human resource policies. Their work helps ensure that key governance matters are addressed in a systematic and informed manner, contributing to the overall effectiveness of the Board.


Financial Transparency

M/s. Crowe Hussain Chaudhury & Co., Chartered Accountants, are the external auditors of the Company. They issued an unqualified opinion on the Company’s financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2026. The firm is a QCR listed and is also included on the State Bank of Pakistan’s panel of approved auditors.


Management
Organizational Structure

The Company’s operations are organized into six key functional divisions, each led by a divisional head who reports directly to the CEO. This structure supports clear reporting lines, enables timely communication, and facilitates coordinated decision-making across different areas of the business. By defining responsibilities at the divisional level, the Company is able to strengthen accountability and maintain operational efficiency. The framework also helps the organization respond effectively to changing market conditions by ensuring that each division can focus on its core functions while aligning with overall corporate objectives.


Management Team

Mr. Atique Ahmad Khan, a qualified Mechanical and Electrical Engineer with over ~30 years of experience in sectors such as Glass, Textile, Industrial and Medical Gases, and Automobiles, serves as the CEO, providing strategic leadership and vision. Mr. Shahnawaz Zafar, the CFO, oversees the Company’s financial operations, bringing a wealth of expertise in financial planning and risk management. Together, they lead a strong management team composed of seasoned professionals with diverse backgrounds in glassware, engineering, manufacturing, and industrial gases. This team is dedicated to driving innovation, maintaining operational excellence, and executing the Company's strategic objectives effectively.


Effectiveness

Ghani Global Glass Limited maintains a structured IT infrastructure supported by controls designed to ensure smooth operations and system security. Regular reports on IT performance are presented to senior management, keeping them informed of system status and any emerging issues. To support effective oversight, the Company has established dedicated management committees to address critical IT and operational concerns. These committees maintain detailed records of their discussions and decisions, promoting transparency and accountability in IT governance and decision-making processes.


MIS

The Company has implemented an advanced Oracle ERP system, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of its reporting processes. This system has streamlined operations, improved the accuracy and consistency of data, and provides real-time insights into business performance. As a result, management is better equipped to make informed, data-driven decisions that support the Company’s operational and strategic objectives.


Control Environment

The Company regularly provides Management Information System (MIS) reports to senior management to support operational and strategic decision-making. These reports include production and dispatch updates, which track production volumes, dispatch schedules, and inventory levels of gases. They also include target analysis reports, comparing budgeted versus actual sales and production performance, and collection analysis reports, which monitor outstanding receivables and collection efforts. The implementation of Oracle technology ensures timely access to accurate and relevant data, enabling management to make well-informed decisions efficiently. Additionally, the Board has established a robust internal audit function, either through an in-house team or by engaging qualified external professionals. This function ensures compliance with Company policies and procedures, strengthens internal controls, and provides independent oversight of operational and financial processes.


Business Risk
Industry Dynamics

Pakistan's glass manufacturing industry comprises approximately 5-6 major organized players alongside numerous smaller manufacturers, catering to diverse end-user industries including construction, food & beverages, pharmaceuticals, and consumer tableware. The sector is broadly segmented into Float Glass, Tableware, and Container Glass. Within the pharmaceutical packaging segment, demand for glass vials and ampoules continues to increase, supported by the growing pharmaceutical industry, which fulfills an estimated 70-90% of the country's medicine requirements through local manufacturing. The pharmaceutical sector has also demonstrated strong growth momentum, with industry sales reportedly increasing by ~14% during CY25, while exports crossed USD 450mln, reflecting a ~34% YoY increase. The pharmaceutical glass packaging market is led by domestic manufacturers such as Ghani Global Glass, Multi Glass, and Techno Ampoules. Among them, remains Pakistan's sole manufacturer of USP Type-I neutral borosilicate glass tubing and has continued to enhance its production footprint through capacity expansion and technological upgrades.  Despite favorable demand fundamentals, the sector continues to face challenges stemming from elevated energy tariffs, dependence on imported raw materials and spare parts, foreign exchange volatility, and stringent quality requirements, particularly for pharmaceutical-grade packaging. Manufacturers are required to comply with international standards, including USP Type-I specifications and DRAP regulations, to ensure product safety and suitability for injectable drugs. Profitability also remains sensitive to fluctuations in natural gas and electricity prices, given the energy-intensive nature of glass manufacturing. Nevertheless, industry prospects remain positive, supported by increasing demand for injectable medicines, biologics, vaccines, and high-value pharmaceutical products. Export opportunities across the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America continue to provide growth avenues for local manufacturers, while ongoing investments in automation, furnace modernization, and capacity enhancement are expected to improve operational efficiency and product quality. Going forward, sustained growth in the pharmaceutical sector, coupled with increasing localization of packaging solutions, is expected to support the medium-term outlook of Pakistan's pharmaceutical glass packaging industry, although cost pressures and regulatory compliance requirements will remain key considerations. However, during FY2026, the escalation of hostilities involving Iran, the United States, and Israel posed additional challenges to Pakistan’s economic outlook. The conflict led to higher international energy prices, increased freight and insurance costs, and disruptions in regional trade and supply chains. Given Pakistan’s reliance on imported petroleum products, the rise in global oil prices exerted pressure on import bills, inflation, and overall production costs across various sectors. Furthermore, heightened geopolitical tensions increased uncertainty surrounding regional trade flows and workers’ remittances. Despite these challenges, Pakistan demonstrated relative resilience, supported by improved external account buffers, a stable exchange rate environment, and sustained remittance inflows, which helped mitigate the adverse economic impact of these external shocks.


Relative Position

GGGL is involved in the production and sale of glass tubes, ampoules, and vials, primarily catering to the pharmaceutical industry. As the leading domestic manufacturer of pharmaceutical-grade glass tubes in Pakistan, GGGL plays a key role in meeting national demand, with the remainder fulfilled through imports. Following recent capacity expansions, the Company’s annual production capacity for ampoules and vials increased by approximately~55mln units, placing it among the notable manufacturers in the country. Despite this scale, GGGL operates in a competitive landscape, facing internal-use competition from pharmaceutical firms such as Sami, Bosch, and Indus, as well as from commercial producers like Friends Glass and Techno Glass. The recent commissioning of a new furnace, with a daily melting capacity of around 18.5 tons, has enhanced GGGL’s manufacturing capabilities and supports its efforts to address both domestic and export market requirements.


Revenues

The Company generates the majority of its revenue from the Pharmaceuticals and Industrial segments. In FY26, net sales reached to PKR 2,899mln, compared to PKR 2,932mln in FY25. Company’s sales marginally reduced mainly due to export sales, as it remained under pressure during the year owing to challenging international market conditions and geopolitical uncertainties, which adversely impacted external demand and trade flows. However, the decline in export performance was partially offset by continued growth in the domestic market, supported by stable local demand.


Margins

In FY26, the Company’s gross margin remained stable at ~25%, compared to ~26% in FY25, despite continued cost pressures—mainly from higher energy expenses. While rising input costs presented challenges, the Company managed to offset these through cost control measures and operational efficiencies. Net profit margin declined to ~5% in FY26, down from ~10% in FY25.


Sustainability

The Company remains focused on strengthening its operational sustainability through continuous investments in efficiency, quality enhancement, and capacity expansion. During FY26, GGGL commissioned a higher-capacity VPSA oxygen generation unit and installed Italian multi-tapping booster transformers, improving energy efficiency, production reliability, and cost optimization. The Company also enhanced quality assurance and process controls through the implementation of an electronic serigraphy verification system and Batch Manufacturing Record (BMR) systems, strengthening traceability, regulatory compliance, and operational oversight. Subsequent to year-end, GGGL commissioned a 1.5MW solar power plant, reflecting its commitment towards energy sustainability and reducing reliance on grid electricity. In parallel, the Company continues to pursue growth through capacity enhancement initiatives, including the installation of additional ampoule and vial manufacturing lines and the planned import of advanced Italian machinery, which is expected to significantly increase production capacity. Management is also exploring international expansion opportunities in Saudi Arabia, Africa, and Europe, while strengthening domestic partnerships with pharmaceutical manufacturers, supporting long-term business growth and market diversification. Although the financial benefits of these expansion initiatives have yet to fully materialize, several new contracts are currently in the pipeline and are expected to support revenue growth, strengthen profitability, and enhance the Company's market position in the near term. Management remains confident in the Company's growth trajectory, underpinned by strategic expansion plans, expected improvements in operating efficiency, and prudent financial projections aimed at delivering sustainable margin expansion over the medium term.


Financial Risk
Working capital

In FY26, the Company’s net working capital days reached to ~209 days, up from ~176 days in FY25. The Company maintained a strong liquidity position, as reflected in a current ratio of around ~9.2x (FY25: 6.7x). This ratio remains well above standard benchmarks, indicating the Company’s continued ability to meet short-term obligations without financial strain. Together, these indicators reflect sound working capital management and a stable financial footing.


Coverages

The Company’s Free Cash Flow from Operations (FCFO) increased to PKR 853mln in FY26, compared to PKR 658mln in FY25. This improvement reflects enhanced operational efficiency, particularly in working capital management, and stronger cash generation from core business activities. Despite an increase in finance costs, the Company maintained a stable interest coverage ratio of ~2.5x in FY26 (FY25: 1.9x).


Capitalization

During FY26, the Company’s leverage ratio decreased to ~28%, compared to ~34% in FY25. Long-term borrowings decreased to PKR 245mln, down from PKR 505mln in FY25. Short term borrowings of the Company constitute ~61% of the total borrowings. This financing pattern indicates a strategic focus on short-term funding to manage operational liquidity more effectively. Overall, the Company continues to manage its capital structure with a focus on liquidity and financial stability.


 
 

Nov-26

www.pacra.com


(PKR mln)


Jun-26
12M
Jun-25
12M
Jun-24
12M
A. BALANCE SHEET
1. Non-Current Assets 3,983 3,121 2,557
2. Investments 0 0 75
3. Related Party Exposure 0 0 0
4. Current Assets 3,281 3,085 2,587
a. Inventories 1,195 735 1,086
b. Trade Receivables 950 905 580
5. Total Assets 7,264 6,206 5,219
6. Current Liabilities 356 459 354
a. Trade Payables 176 295 194
7. Borrowings 1,500 1,460 1,123
8. Related Party Exposure 1,520 1,383 1,122
9. Non-Current Liabilities 37 44 52
10. Net Assets 3,852 2,860 2,568
11. Shareholders' Equity 3,852 2,860 2,568
B. INCOME STATEMENT
1. Sales 2,899 2,932 2,440
a. Cost of Good Sold (2,165) (2,176) (1,890)
2. Gross Profit 734 755 550
a. Operating Expenses (174) (113) (123)
3. Operating Profit 560 643 427
a. Non Operating Income or (Expense) (30) 54 155
4. Profit or (Loss) before Interest and Tax 529 696 582
a. Total Finance Cost (349) (346) (407)
b. Taxation (45) (49) (30)
6. Net Income Or (Loss) 135 301 145
C. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
a. Free Cash Flows from Operations (FCFO) 853 658 621
b. Net Cash from Operating Activities before Working Capital Changes 503 325 222
c. Changes in Working Capital (251) 42 (54)
1. Net Cash provided by Operating Activities 252 367 168
2. Net Cash (Used in) or Available From Investing Activities (317) (614) (253)
3. Net Cash (Used in) or Available From Financing Activities 30 323 47
4. Net Cash generated or (Used) during the period (34) 77 (39)
D. RATIO ANALYSIS
1. Performance
a. Sales Growth (for the period) -1.1% 20.2% 17.8%
b. Gross Profit Margin 25.3% 25.8% 22.5%
c. Net Profit Margin 4.7% 10.3% 5.9%
d. Cash Conversion Efficiency (FCFO adjusted for Working Capital/Sales) 20.8% 23.9% 23.2%
e. Return on Equity [ Net Profit Margin * Asset Turnover * (Total Assets/Shareholders' Equity )] 4.0% 11.1% 5.8%
2. Working Capital Management
a. Gross Working Capital (Average Days) 239 206 221
b. Net Working Capital (Average Days) 209 176 193
c. Current Ratio (Current Assets / Current Liabilities) 9.2 6.7 7.3
3. Coverages
a. EBITDA / Finance Cost 2.6 2.6 4.0
b. FCFO / Finance Cost+CMLTB+Excess STB 1.3 1.2 2.4
c. Debt Payback (Total Borrowings+Excess STB) / (FCFO-Finance Cost) 1.1 2.2 0.9
4. Capital Structure
a. Total Borrowings / (Total Borrowings+Shareholders' Equity) 28.0% 33.8% 30.4%
b. Interest or Markup Payable (Days) 34.3 49.7 0.0
c. Entity Average Borrowing Rate 23.3% 26.3% 16.2%

Nov-26

www.pacra.com

Nov-26

www.pacra.com

  1. Rating Team Statements
    1. Rating is just an opinion about the creditworthiness of the entity and does not constitute a recommendation to buy, hold, or sell any security of the entity rated or to buy, hold, or sell the security rated, as the case may be. (Chapter III; 14-3-(x))
    2. Conflict of Interest
      1. The Rating Team or any of their family members have no interest in this rating (Chapter III; 12-2-(j))
      2. PACRA, the analysts involved in the rating process, and members of its rating committee and their family members do not have any conflict of interest relating to the rating done by them (Chapter III; 12-2-(e) & (k))
      3. The analyst is not a substantial shareholder of the customer being rated by PACRA [Annexure F; d-(ii)]
      4. Explanation: for the purpose of the above clause, the term "family members" shall include only those family members who are dependent on the analyst and members of the rating committee.
  2. Restrictions
    1. No director, officer, or employee of PACRA communicates the information acquired by him for use for rating purposes to any other person, except where required under law to do so. (Chapter III; 10-(5))
    2. PACRA does not disclose or discuss with outside parties or make improper use of the non-public information which has come to its knowledge during a business relationship with the customer. (Chapter III; 10-7-(d))
    3. PACRA does not make proposals or recommendations regarding the activities of rated entities that could impact a credit rating of the entity subject to rating. (Chapter III; 10-7-(k))
  3. Conduct of Business
    1. PACRA fulfills its obligations in a fair, efficient, transparent, and ethical manner and renders high standards of services in performing its functions and obligations. (Chapter III; 11-A-(a))
    2. PACRA uses due care in the preparation of this Rating Report. Our information has been obtained from sources we consider to be reliable, but its accuracy or completeness is not guaranteed. PACRA does not, in every instance, independently verify or validate information received in the rating process or in preparing this Rating Report. (Clause 11-(A)(p))
    3. PACRA prohibits its employees and analysts from soliciting money, gifts, or favors from anyone with whom PACRA conducts business. (Chapter III; 11-A-(q))
    4. PACRA ensures before the commencement of the rating process that an analyst or employee has not had a recent employment or other significant business or personal relationship with the rated entity that may cause or may be perceived as causing a conflict of interest. (Chapter III; 11-A-(r))
    5. PACRA maintains the principle of integrity in seeking rating business. (Chapter III; 11-A-(u))
    6. PACRA promptly investigates in the event of misconduct or a breach of the policies, procedures, and controls, and takes appropriate steps to rectify any weaknesses to prevent any recurrence, along with suitable punitive action against the responsible employee(s). (Chapter III; 11-B-(m))
  4. Independence & Conflict of Interest
    1. PACRA receives compensation from the entity being rated or any third party for the rating services it offers. The receipt of this compensation has no influence on PACRA’s opinions or other analytical processes. In all instances, PACRA is committed to preserving the objectivity, integrity, and independence of its ratings. Our relationship is governed by two distinct mandates: i) rating mandate - signed with the entity being rated or issuer of the debt instrument, and ii) fee mandate - signed with the payer, which can be different from the entity.
    2. PACRA does not provide consultancy/advisory services or other services to any of its customers or their associated companies and associated undertakings that are being rated or have been rated by it during the preceding three years, unless it has an adequate mechanism in place ensuring that the provision of such services does not lead to a conflict of interest situation with its rating activities. (Chapter III; 12-2-(d))
    3. PACRA discloses that no shareholder directly or indirectly holding 10% or more of the share capital of PACRA also holds directly or indirectly 10% or more of the share capital of the entity which is subject to rating or the entity which issued the instrument subject to rating by PACRA. (Chapter III; 12-2-(f))
    4. PACRA ensures that the rating assigned to an entity or instrument is not affected by the existence of a business relationship between PACRA and the entity or any other party, or the non-existence of such a relationship. (Chapter III; 12-2-(i))
    5. PACRA ensures that the analysts or any of their family members shall not buy, sell, or engage in any transaction in any security which falls in the analyst’s area of primary analytical responsibility. This clause, however, does not apply to investments in securities through collective investment schemes. (Chapter III; 12-2-(l))
    6. PACRA has established policies and procedures governing investments and trading in securities by its employees and for monitoring the same to prevent insider trading, market manipulation, or any other market abuse. (Chapter III; 11-B-(g))
  5. Monitoring and Review
    1. PACRA monitors all the outstanding ratings continuously, and any potential change therein due to any event associated with the issuer, the security arrangement, the industry, etc., is disseminated to the market immediately and in an effective manner after appropriate consultation with the entity/issuer. (Chapter III; 17-(a))
    2. PACRA reviews all the outstanding ratings periodically on an annual basis. Provided that public dissemination of annual review and in an instance of change in rating will be made. (Chapter III; 17-(b))
    3. PACRA initiates an immediate review of the outstanding rating upon becoming aware of any information that may reasonably be expected to result in downgrading of the rating. (Chapter III; 17-(c))
    4. PACRA engages with the issuer and the debt securities trustee to remain updated on all information pertaining to the rating of the entity/instrument. (Chapter III; 17-(d))
  6. Probability of Default
    1. PACRA’s Rating Scale reflects the expectation of credit risk. The highest rating has the lowest relative likelihood of default (i.e., probability). PACRA’s transition studies capture the historical performance behavior of a specific rating notch. Transition behavior of the assigned rating can be obtained from PACRA’s Transition Study available at our website. (www.pacra.com) However, the actual transition of rating may not follow the pattern observed in the past. (Chapter III; 14-3(f)(vii))
  7. Proprietary Information
    1. All information contained herein is considered proprietary by PACRA. Hence, none of the information in this document can be copied or otherwise reproduced, stored, or disseminated in whole or in part in any form or by any means whatsoever by any person without PACRA’s prior written consent.

Nov-26

www.pacra.com